Cash for AP Test Scores: Is This Really the Best Option?

Today’s article from the New York Times focuses on a controversial topic: paying students to excel on tests. The New York-based “Reach” program has had moderate success, with increased numbers of students taking Advanced Placement exams as well as greater numbers of students achieving “4” or “5” scores.   While it is admirable to encourage students to do well academically and prepare for college, the concept of paying students for their scores on AP exams has several serious shortcomings.

Money talks – but what does it say?

The concept of the Reach program is simple: it connects people who have money (the program’s founders) with people who want money (the students).  But is handing cash over to teenagers really the best alternative?  No.

It is important to consider the ultimate goal here: preparing students for college and career. If Reach is trying to encourage students to go to college, why not use the $1,000 to create a scholarship or educational savings account?  What about a laptop that students could use in their college classes?  Instead, young students are given the freedom to spend the money as they see fit – and in all likelihood, the money isn’t going straight into a college savings fund.

By handing cash over to students when they meet the expectations set by the AP board, what message is the Reach program sending?  In my mind, the message is simple and risky: You will be rewarded for meeting expectations.  In their future careers, students won’t be handed bonuses, promotions or praise for simply meeting expectations.  Quite the opposite: students need to be taught to exceed expectations consistently – even if they think no one is watching or no reward is expected.   In fact, if future employers perceive these students as “all about the money”, they will be less likely to invest in mentoring and promoting them.

In Program Giving Cash, More Pass AP Tests

Published: August 4, 2009

A program that offers students up to $1,000 for passing Advanced Placement exams has shown some success, with more students at 31 city high schools earning passing scores, according to officials in charge of the effort.

The program, called Reach, or Rewarding Achievement, involves students at 26 public and 5 Catholic schools with large minority enrollments. The number of students passing A.P. exams at those schools rose this year to 1,240 from 1,161.

The number of tests taken at those schools — many students take tests in multiple subjects — increased by more than 800, to 5,436, and the number of passing grades by 302, to 1,774. The passing rate edged up slightly, to 33 percent from 32.

The program is one of several local and national experiments using financial incentives to raise student achievement. Another New York City program that pays students for doing well on standardized tests has been underway for two years, but the city has not announced any results.

Although such programs have proliferated in recent years, there has been little evidence of their effectiveness. The results of the privately funded $2 million Reach program are scheduled to be announced Wednesday, and organizers say they are confident the results will help them secure more money.

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Making a Community College Work for You

Today’s featured article from the Chronicle of Higher Education addresses the challenges one community college faces as it scrambles to make room for a record number of incoming students.  As more and more community colleges face this issue, students attending these institutions will need to deal with a new array of challenges:

  • Increased class sizes and larger student bodies: A common complaint of students at large colleges is that they feel “lost in the crowd”.  In order to avoid this, it is up to students to take the initiative to create a smaller network of support in a large institution.  How? Simply put, by engaging the resources at their disposal: meeting regularly with an advisors, joining co-curricular and extra-curricular activities, taking the time to get to know classmates and making the effort to talk to instructors outside of class.
  • Strained school resources: As the article notes, many admissions advisors and counselors are dealing with full schedules and dwindling resources.  Therefore, students need to maximize the time that they are able to spend with these important mentors.  Preparation is key: students should come up with a list of questions, bring their resume to all meetings and have a solid plan of action each time they meet with an advisor.
  • A competitive job market: Even though community colleges provide important education and job training opportunities, finding work after school is not guaranteed – especially in this economy.  Students need to take every opportunity to expand their skills, including internships, networking with professionals in their desired field and staying up to date on the latest sector news and developments.  As exemplified by the truck driver and the former GM employee mentioned in the article, students need to think of their community college experience as an investment.  While this investment may not pay off immediately after school, it will undoubtedly increase skill level, earning potential and hireability in the long term.

How a Community College Makes Room

Scrambling to create classrooms as enrollments soar

How a Community College Makes Room 1

For a long time, nobody knew where the water in the library’s basement was coming from, but it was not a pressing concern. After all, most people on the Essex campus of the Community College of Baltimore County had no reason to venture into the building’s windowless depths.

That will soon change, however. Administrators expect enrollment in for-credit courses to surge by as much as 20 percent over last fall, and so they have decided that the big, empty space could help ease a serious problem: The college has run out of classrooms.

This summer, workers located the source of the water (a leaking valve). Soon they will build walls, rework the ducts, and convert part of the basement into two classrooms, each with about 24 computers.

“When need dictates, you get creative,” says Sandra L. Kurtinitis, the college’s president.

In Baltimore, as in many places throughout the nation, demand is growing faster than two-year institutions could ever hope—or afford—to build. This fall’s projected enrollment growth in the college’s for-credit programs follows a 10-percent increase it saw during the last academic year. In total, the college plans to enroll nearly 24,000 students in those programs this fall. An additional 37,000 are expected in its continuing-education courses over the coming academic year, a 9-percent increase over last year.

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College Students Turning Down Jobs During Recession: Optimistic or Foolhardy?

This recent New York Times article features an array of students who turned down job offers after graduation despite the current economic conditions.  While some may argue that this is a savvy move for students not yet tied down by families or mortgages, do the benefits of holding out for that “dream” job really outweigh the costs?

Not in this economy.  In the past, I have encouraged friends and former interns to turn down jobs that weren’t a good fit for them either personally or professionally.  With a healthy economy and jobs readily available, there was always a back-up plan.  If that “stretch” job didn’t come through, you could always take another temporary job to get by.  These days, however, recent graduates are competing with highly qualified workers affected by layoffs, bankruptcy and the like.  Without the safety net of these jobs, the future looks a lot scarier for unemployed graduates.

Furthermore, this article neglects to mention an important fact – the graduates who blithely turned their “starter” jobs often move back in with Mom and Dad.  With 401(k) accounts dwindling, pensions disappearing and layoffs looming, is it really fair for these students to count on their parents for support?

In the end, my advice for the students mentioned in this article is simple: just jump in.  Like UConn President Michael Hogan says in this article: Say yes.  Continue to say yes – to professional development, stretching beyond your comfort zone and learning to live on a budget.  Even if your job offer isn’t perfect or the pay is low, future employers will be much more impressed by the skills and tenacity you demonstrated in your new position than they will be by a year of “blank space” on your next resume.

In Recession, Optimistic College Graduates Turn Down Jobs

It has been two months since Diana Parsons graduated from the University of Wisconsin with a liberal arts degree that cost about $100,000, and she has still not found a full-time job. She has returned to Milwaukee, where she is living with her parents and occasionally waiting tables at a restaurant owned by a friend of her mother.

Another hard-luck case in a miserable economy? Not exactly. Ms. Parsons, 21, is jobless by choice. She turned down one $23,000-a-year offer to become a research assistant at a magazine because she did not want to move to Chicago and another because she did not want to work nights.

“I’m not really worried,” she said. “When the right thing comes along, I’ll know it.”

Ms. Parsons is far from the only member of the class of 2009 who is picky when it comes to employers. Job recruiters may be bypassing university campuses in droves and the unemployment rate may be at its highest point in decades, but college career advisers are noticing that many recent graduates do not seem to comprehend the challenging economic world they have just entered.

“I don’t think the students understand, I really don’t, but come September, October, when they still don’t have jobs, they’re going to be panicky,” said Clarice Wilsey, a career counselor at the University of Oregon, where just 55 employers came to a recent job fair, down from nearly 90 the year before.

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Retention & First Generation College Students

For many students, the road to college is a familiar one. Many graduating high school students have heard their parents reminisce for years about their college days and provide advice about how to succeed. For most, college isn’t merely a privilege: it’s an expectation, a necessary step on their career path.

This is not, however, the reality for all students. Nationally, around 30% of all graduates are the first in their family to attend college. The vast majority of these students are low-income, and many face passive reactions or even opposition from their family when they decide to attend college. If the United States hopes to reach Obama’s goal of having the highest proportion of college graduates in the world, this population is especially important: only eleven percent of these graduates actually finish college within six years.

How should higher education institutions support and retain these students?  As many first-generation students enter college without the support network that other students have, colleges and universities must work hard to create in-house networks for these students. The University of Cincinnati provides one excellent model: help students with study skills, time management, the college transition and – especially key – dealing with their families during this new and confusing time.

While some might argue that such efforts – special housing for first generation students, additional coursework, staff support – would be exceptionally expensive, I would argue that higher education institutions cannot afford to ignore these students and let them drop out. Consider the situation from a business perspective: if you knew that you would have a 27% customer attrition rate, wouldn’t you focus your resources and efforts at lowering this number? Of course, it makes sense to also consider this issue from a social perspective: what impact, what new achievements would be possible for the US if we helped these highly motivated, resilient and tenacious young students develop to their fullest potential?

Second Home for First-Gens

COMFORT ZONE The Gen-1 Theme House at the University of Cincinnati gives first-generation freshmen a place to settle in to college life.

As thousands of low-income, first-generation freshmen flock to campus in the next two months, many, despite their intelligence and optimism, will arrive only to be gone in an academic eye blink. Just 11 percent of them earn a bachelor’s degree after six years, according to the Pell Institute, compared with 55 percent of their peers.

That fact was frustrating administrators at the University of Cincinnati, where more than 40 percent of its 5,000 freshmen this fall will be the first in their families to go to college. In its mission to get low-income, first-generation students through its doors, the university was succeeding. But once in, many were failing.“These students find themselves on campus, and overwhelmed quickly,” says Stephanie A. Cappel, the executive director of Partner for Achieving School Success, a center devoted to university-community partnerships and outreach programs.“They don’t even know what questions to ask.”

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Technology and 21st Century Student Engagement

Results from a few pilots show that technology in the classroom has a significant effect on student engagement, active learning and the connection between class work and real-world applications.  In North Carolina, the state funded a pilot of technology-based teaching at Greene Central High.  Before the program, students went to college at the rate of 26%.   Now, after the program has been in place for a few years, the rate of college-placed seniors is 94%.   The school has other strategies in place to augment student success, but the principal credit the emphasis on technology as huge driver of these marked outcomes.

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Students Rap Their Way to Achievement, Global Awareness

Back in 2008, students at the Ron Clark Academy became overnight celebrities after their politically-themed rendition of T.I.’s “Whatever You Like” attracted milliions of views on YouTube.  The students, who penned the song “You Can Vote However You Like” to emphasize that voters should choose a candidate based on their political opinions and not on their race, were famous for their singing, dancing and rhyming skills.

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What Do California’s Budget Cuts Mean for Higher Ed?

As California struggles to solve its budget crisis, the most recent proposal for higher education includes 20% funding cuts to two public universities and the state’s community colleges.  While stimulus funds will likely ease the blow for the short run, this move raises major questions about state support for higher education moving forward.  While touchstone, populous states like California and Florida struggle with budget concerns, staff cuts and funding reductions, the remainder of the country is keeping a close eye on what direction these states take.  How will higher education institutions compete in an era of lean funding, dramatically declining major donations, and students who can no longer afford the same price tag for their postsecondary degree?

Consider another example: Texas, with its lean spending and budget surplus.  Texas taken quite a different road: dramatically reducing spending on state education support.  While Texas is lauded by many as an example of balanced funding during tough times, some are concerned that their minimal support for higher education will have profound reverberations on students and their future success.

According to an editorial by the Dallas Morning News,

“A globally competitive workforce requires workers who not only graduate high school but who have the kind of higher educational options that pack their brains with the high-tech knowledge that their parents and grandparents never envisioned. Texas’ demographics are changing, and pretending the low-tax, low-spend model will work forever would be as unwise as the opposite approach, which brought California to its knees. Texas also should leverage its current economic strength to recruit the best minds available to do and show how.”

With so many states located in the gray area of budget woes between California and Texas, it is critical to think beyond the bounds of the federal stimulus funds for education.  Can we continue to cut funding for higher education and still achieve our goals of higher enrollment in post-secondary institutions and a more globally competitive workforce?

In California Budget Deal, Bad News for Colleges in 2010

California officials reached a budget agreement late Monday that in closing a $26-billion gap will cause immediate damage to the state’s colleges and universities, leading to restricted admissions, reduced salaries for faculty and staff members, and sharply higher tuition.But the full effect of this year’s budget cuts will not be felt until 2010, when federal stimulus money is expected to dwindle or disappear and the state’s public institutions will face their most difficult financial decisions in decades.

Under the budget plan announced last night, the state will cut its support for California State University and the University of California by about 20 percent in the 2009-10 fiscal year. Community colleges will also see a cut in state support of about 20 percent, the largest in its history. The State Legislature is expected to approve the plan later this week.

For now, federal stimulus money will partially mask those cuts. But when the stimulus money recedes, this year’s budget will lead to sharply lower levels of support than the state’s prominent public universities are used to, college officials said.

“What is saving us in the short run could be setting us up for big problems in subsequent years,” said Robert Turnage, assistant vice chancellor for budget at California State University.

More…

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Department of Education Stresses Job Skills

Today’s article discusses the link between education policy and the skills needed for a successful career.  As Martha Kanter clearly knows, students are too often allowed to leave school without the necessary emotional, social and practical tools to be effective in the world of work.  The sweeping movement towards educational standards in the United States must include skills and metrics that stretch far beyond test scores and graduation rates – and Kanter’s efforts to link labor and education are a step in the right direction.

 In order to be successful, students need critical thinking skills, an awareness of their gifts and talents, the emotional intelligence to build up a network of supporters and the internal motivation and maturity to make a positive impact both in the classroom and in the workplace.  LifeBound’s Critical and Creative Thinking for Teenagers helps students develop all of these skills through the lens of medicine, nature, entrepreneurship and other core subjects.  Learn more here: http://lifebound.com/lifebound-books/critical_creative_thinking.html

Job Training Is Stressed at Education Dept., State Leaders Are Told

By SARA HEBEL
Santa Fe
, N.M.

Martha J. Kanter, the U.S. under secretary of education, told state higher-education leaders gathered here on Wednesday for their annual meeting that she would make improving job training a priority.

 

She said she wanted to better align federal education and labor programs that often operate in isolation from one another even though they have complementary goals of preparing people for the work force.

 

“I really want to marry work and education in a more systematic way,” Ms. Kanter said. More than half of the nation’s college students work while they are enrolled, she said, and federal policy does not do enough to make sure they can effectively balance work and study.

 

Ms. Kanter spoke to the State Higher Education Executive Officers’ meeting on her 15th day in office. In those first few weeks, she said, she had already met three times with officials at the Department of Labor. Today she and Jane Oates, the Labor Department’s assistant secretary for employment and training administration, will appear together before a Senate subcommittee on employment and work-force safety to discuss their priorities for revamping the Workforce Investment Act, which provides money for job training at community colleges and elsewhere.

 

As an example of the disconnect in the current system, Ms. Kanter cited a federal youth-employment program. She said money was distributed through local Workforce Investment Boards without any emphasis to program recipients that they should continue their education to improve their long-term job prospects.

 

State officials praised Ms. Kanter’s remarks.

 

Jack R. Warner, executive director and chief executive of the South Dakota Board of Regents, told Ms. Kanter he was “very pleased to hear” that she planned to push for better coordination and alignment in job-training programs. “I really find a disjunction there,” Mr. Warner said. “Higher education needs to play a stronger role” in such training.

 

The question of how state and federal governments should help working students came up at a conference session about rethinking student aid. Sandy Baum, senior policy analyst for the College Board, said that one needed public-policy conversation was how to best allocate financial aid to adult students. The central question for many students is not how they are going to be able to pay tuition itself—the focus of much current student-aid policy—but how they can afford to pay basic living expenses while classes and study are preventing them from working as many hours as they could, Ms. Baum said.

 

Global Competition

 

On the issue of global competition, Ms. Kanter reiterated the Obama administration’s goal of stepping up American performance so that the United States is atop the world by 2020 in the proportion of residents who hold a degree or certificate. She said her recent conversations at the 2009 World Conference on Higher Education, held by Unesco in Paris last week, had given her ideas for how the United States might improve and made her concerned about how the country could slip behind.

 

Canada’s experience, she said, showed that an emphasis on helping colleges, students, and others adopt best practices—rather than putting a focus on accountability alone—could foster rapid improvement in student success. Her talks with Chinese officials demonstrated how actively other countries were also seeking to move up, she said.

 

During a question-and-answer period following her speech, Ms. Kanter fielded a question about whether the federal government should make at least some education beyond high school available to everyone.

 

Ann E. Daley, executive director of the Washington Higher Education Coordinating Board, asked whether the Obama administration had considered a new financing model for higher education, in which the concept of the government’s providing everyone with a public education through the 12th grade would be extended to at least a 13th year.

 

Ms. Kanter said the idea was “certainly worth looking at,” although she did not know whether it was something administration officials were specifically considering.

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In Search for Intelligence, a Silicon Brain Twitches

Today’s article from the Wall Street Journal describes an array of scientists who are attempting to replicate the structure, functionality and processing power of the human brain. Using supercomputers, these scientists are painstakingly mapping the structure and complexity of animal brains. While the science mentioned in this article is fascinating in and of itself, it also begs the question: How does human intelligence emerge and develop?

Perhaps the most important functions of the human brain mentioned in the article are making connections, expanding knowledge based on prior information, and adapting and evolving one’s thinking. To the scientists, these are the functions that create and expand human intelligence. Essentially, these scientists aren’t simply trying to fire off a series of neurons – they are trying to replicate critical thinking, one of the most complex and powerful functions of the human brain.

The sheer amount of resources – more than ten years and countless millions of dollars – required to even come close to replicating human critical thinking power provides a startling indicator of the power of our minds. When we develop our own abilities to make connections, to plan, to evolve, and to expand our own intelligence, we utilize our own personal “supercomputer” brain power to the fullest. As educators, we must ensure that our students develop the critical thinking abilities needed to maximize the power of their minds. By teaching students to ask powerful questions, compare and contrast information, and move beyond what they already know, we will create a generation of inquisitive, powerful thinkers who will make a difference in the world.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ARTICLE
by By GAUTAM NAIK
For the last four years, Henry Markram has been building a biologically accurate artificial brain. Powered by a supercomputer, his software model closely mimics the activity of a vital section of a rat’s gray matter.

Dubbed Blue Brain, the simulation shows some strange behavior. The artificial “cells” respond to stimuli and suddenly pulse and flash in spooky unison, a pattern that isn’t programmed but emerges spontaneously.

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Hot Academic Jobs of the Future: Try These Fields

Many changes are expected in academia over the next few years. Tenured positions of the past may be replaced with more adjunct and part-time faculty creating a need for more virtual learning, self-paced study and hybrid classes. Students will need to have strong skills in self-advocacy and personal accountability to make the most of this new learning environment. High schools will need to promote those skills beginning freshmen year.

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